Towards a Sedimentology of Information Infrastructures: a Geological Approach for Understanding the City

Drawing primarily on ethnographic research performed in a city in Romania, this paper provides a thick description of police practices and information systems in that municipality. It shows various ways in which technologies mediate policing practitioners’ perceptions, decisions and actions. Bringing some additional material from a case in the Dutch police in which they build risk profiles predicated on real-time data from a sensor network, the paper highlights new phenomena with ethical implications emerging at the intersection of information infrastructures and policing practices. In particular, it shows a solidifying effect of technologically mediated suspicion, a sedimentation process in technological infrastructures and the formation of pockets of prejudice in the layers of software code. To adequately account for these phenomena and others, the paper provides a set of arguments and conditions for a sedimentology of infrastructures. At the same time, it offers the first steps in a larger research project that would adapt and test the limits of a geological vocabulary and approach to understand smart urban environments.Cybersecurity en cybergovernanc

Variation with mass of \boldmath{B(E3; 0_1^+ \to 3_1^-)} transition rates in A=124−134A=124-134 even-mass xenon nuclei

$B(E3; 0_1^+ \to 3_1^-)$ transition matrix elements have been measured for even-mass $^{124-134}$Xe nuclei using sub-barrier Coulomb excitation in inverse kinematics. The trends in energy $E(3^-)$ and $B(E3; 0_1^+ \to 3_1^-)$ excitation strengths are well reproduced using phenomenological models based on a strong coupling picture with a soft quadrupole mode and an increasing occupation of the intruder $h_{11/2}$ orbital.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, PRC in pres

Spectroscopy of the odd-odd fp-shell nucleus 52Sc from secondary fragmentation

The odd-odd fp-shell nucleus 52Sc was investigated using in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy following secondary fragmentation of a 55V and 57Cr cocktail beam. Aside from the known gamma-ray transition at 674(5)keV, a new decay at E_gamma=212(3) keV was observed. It is attributed to the depopulation of a low-lying excited level. This new state is discussed in the framework of shell-model calculations with the GXPF1, GXPF1A, and KB3G effective interactions. These calculations are found to be fairly robust for the low-lying level scheme of 52Sc irrespective of the choice of the effective interaction. In addition, the frequency of spin values predicted by the shell model is successfully modeled by a spin distribution formulated in a statistical approach with an empirical, energy-independent spin-cutoff parameter.Comment: accepted for publication in PR

Z=50 shell gap near 100^{100}Sn from intermediate-energy Coulomb excitations in even-mass 106−−112^{106--112}Sn isotopes

Rare isotope beams of neutron-deficient $^{106,108,110}$Sn nuclei from the fragmentation of $^{124}$Xe were employed in an intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation experiment yielding $B(E2, 0^+_1 \to 2^+_1)$ transition strengths. The results indicate that these $B(E2,0^+_1 \to 2^+_1)$ values are much larger than predicted by current state-of-the-art shell model calculations. This discrepancy can be explained if protons from within the Z = 50 shell are contributing to the structure of low-energy excited states in this region. Such contributions imply a breaking of the doubly-magic $^{100}$Sn core in the light Sn isotopes.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Hole Drift-Mobility Measurements in Contemporary Amorphous Silicon

We present hole drift-mobility measurements on hydrogenated amorphous silicon from several laboratories. These temperature-dependent measurements show significant variations of the hole mobility for the differing samples. Under standard conditions (displacement/field ratio of 2×10-9 cm2/V), hole mobilities reach values as large as 0.01 cm2/Vs at room-temperature; these values are improved about tenfold over drift-mobilities of materials made a decade or so ago. The improvement is due partly to narrowing of the exponential bandtail of the valence band, but there is presently little other insight into how deposition procedures affect the hole drift-mobility

One-neutron knockout in the vicinity of the N=32 sub-shell closure: 9Be(57Cr,56Cr+ gamma)X

The one-neutron knockout reaction 9Be(57Cr,56Cr + gamma)X has been measured in inverse kinematics with an intermediate-energy beam. Cross sections to individual states in 56Cr were partially untangled through the detection of the characteristic gamma-ray transitions in coincidence with the reaction residues. The experimental inclusive longitudinal momentum distribution and the yields to individual states are compared to calculations that combine spectroscopic factors from the full fp shell model and nucleon-removal cross sections computed in a few-body eikonal approach.Comment: PRC, in pres

METHODS FOR OIL OBTAINING FROM OLEAGINOUS MATERIALS

Lipids are an important component in human food since ancient times, having a positive influence on the health of the human body. Thus, cultivation of oleaginous materials is an important component of the global economy. To obtain vegetable oils from oleaginous materials can be used different methods existent on the global scale. The method used is chosen depending on the type of oleaginous material subjected to processing, onthe oil quality that we want to achieve and on the amount of oil that we want to extract. This paper presents an analysis of the literature, describing the various existing methods for obtaining vegetable oil

Cross-shell excitation in two-proton knockout: Structure of 52^{52}Ca

The two-proton knockout reaction $^9$Be($^{54}$Ti,$^{52}$Ca$+ \gamma$) has been studied at 72 MeV/nucleon. Besides the strong feeding of the $^{52}$Ca ground state, the only other sizeable cross section proceeds to a 3$^-$ level at 3.9 MeV. There is no measurable direct yield to the first excited 2$^+$ state at 2.6 MeV. The results illustrate the potential of such direct reactions for exploring cross-shell proton excitations in neutron-rich nuclei and confirms the doubly-magic nature of $^{52}$Ca